Why prenatal testing matters
Prenatal testing helps you stay informed about your health and your baby’s development throughout pregnancy. Some tests are routine for all parents-to-be, while others may be recommended based on your age, family history or specific symptoms. Your care team will walk you through each step so you can feel confident in your decisions.
Schedule today
Call: (866) 520-2510 Monday–Friday 8 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Prenatal test reference table
| Test | When | Purpose | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| First trimester screen | 11-13 weeks | Down syndrome, trisomy 13 and 18 | None |
| Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and quad screen | 15-20 weeks | Spina bifida and chromosomal conditions | None |
| Ultrasound | 18-20 weeks | Growth, anatomy and birth defects | None |
| Amniocentesis | After 15 weeks | Chromosomal disorders and spina bifida | Small |
| CVS | 11-14 weeks | Chromosomal disorders | Small |
| Gestational diabetes | 24-28 weeks | Blood sugar control | None |
| Group B strep | 36-37 weeks | Prevent newborn infection | None |
Routine blood and urine tests
These standard tests help your provider monitor your health and watch for early signs of complications:
- Blood type and Rh factor: Determines whether you are Rh positive or negative; If you’re Rh-negative, your provider may recommend Rh immunoglobulin to protect future pregnancies
- Complete blood count: Screens for anemia and checks overall blood health
- Infection screening: Includes tests for HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections
- Urine tests: Detect infections and monitor protein and sugar levels that may indicate pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes
Screening tests (no miscarriage risk)
These non-invasive tests provide early information about possible genetic conditions or structural concerns:
- First trimester screen (11-13 weeks): Assesses risk for Down syndrome and trisomy 13 and 18
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and quad screen (15-20 weeks): Screens for open spina bifida and certain chromosomal conditions
- Ultrasound (18-20 weeks): Evaluates growth, anatomy and many types of birth defects
Diagnostic tests (small miscarriage risk)
These tests give more definitive answers when screening results or risk factors suggest concerns:
- Amniocentesis (after 15 weeks): Detects chromosomal disorders and spina bifida
- Chorionic villus sampling (11-14 weeks): Identifies chromosomal disorders earlier in pregnancy
Your provider will talk with you about benefits, risks and whether these tests are recommended for your situation.
Other key tests
Additional testing throughout pregnancy helps protect your health and your baby’s well-being:
- Gestational diabetes screening (24-28 weeks): Monitors blood sugar levels to prevent pregnancy complications
- Group B strep test (36-37 weeks): Identifies bacteria that can be passed to newborns; treated with antibiotics during labor
- Carrier screening: Looks for inherited conditions such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs disease
- Genetic counseling: Recommended if you have a family history of genetic conditions or birth defects
- Pre-eclampsia monitoring: Blood pressure and urine checks performed at every prenatal visit
- STD testing: Includes screening for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and HIV
- Vaginal infection checks: Performed when needed to evaluate symptoms of bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections
When it comes to Medicare benefits, it’s important to remember when to apply. Enrollment is limited to certain times of year and conditions, including your age.
Frequently asked questions
Are screening tests mandatory?
No. They are optional but helpful in identifying risks early so you can make informed choices.
Do diagnostic tests carry risks?
Yes, both amniocentesis and CVS carry a small miscarriage risk. Your provider will explain these risks and help you decide whether testing is right for you.
Can an ultrasound show all birth defects?
No test can detect everything, but ultrasound identifies many conditions and helps guide your care.
Do I need genetic screening?
Genetic screening is recommended if you have a family history of inherited conditions or belong to an ethnic group with a higher risk for certain genetic disorders.
Will insurance cover these tests?
Most routine prenatal tests are covered. Coverage for genetic or specialty testing may vary. Your provider or insurance plan can give you specific details.